Discovery: Dual nature: threat and opportunity revealed.

By Lukas Žemaitis, November 2023

Asteroids and comets passing close to Earth have long intrigued scientists and the public alike, but few researchers are as deeply engaged in this realm of space science as Dr. Amy Mainzer. Known for her groundbreaking work in planetary defense and asteroid discovery, Mainzer has made significant contributions to understanding the dual nature of these celestial visitors: both their opportunities and the risks they pose to our planet.

Unveiling the Mysteries of Near-Earth Objects
Amy Mainzer, a leading astrophysicist at the University of Arizona and the principal investigator of the NEOWISE mission, has been instrumental in tracking and cataloging near-Earth objects (NEOs). Her research focuses on identifying the trajectories and characteristics of asteroids and comets that come close to our planet, using infrared technology to detect objects that may otherwise remain hidden.

In a presentation titled "Earth-Approaching Asteroids and Comets: Opportunity and Risk," delivered at the 2023 International Astronomical Conference, Mainzer discussed the complex relationship between Earth and these wandering cosmic bodies.

The Risks: Planetary Defense and Potential Threats
Mainzer emphasized the importance of planetary defense, noting that even relatively small asteroids could have devastating effects if they were to strike Earth. "We are aware of the potential threats," she said, "but the challenge is in early detection and risk mitigation."

NEOWISE and other observatories have cataloged thousands of asteroids, yet many remain undetected, especially those that approach from the direction of the Sun, a region notoriously difficult to monitor. Mainzer highlighted how investing in advanced detection systems is crucial, pointing to future missions like the Near-Earth Object Surveyor spacecraft, designed specifically for identifying hazardous asteroids.

The Opportunities: Scientific and Technological Advancements
However, the story isn't all about danger. Mainzer also outlined the unique scientific and economic opportunities presented by NEOs. Asteroids, she noted, are time capsules from the early solar system, containing primordial materials that could shed light on the formation of planets, including Earth. "Studying these objects is like opening a history book of our solar system," she remarked.

Beyond scientific curiosity, there is growing interest in asteroid mining for resources such as water, metals, and other valuable materials. Mainzer acknowledged that while this is still a developing field, the potential for space exploration and resource utilization could one day be transformative.

Collaboration for a Safer Future
In her closing remarks, Mainzer stressed the need for international collaboration. "Asteroids and comets don't recognize national borders," she said. "A global effort is essential to prepare for any potential impact threat, as well as to leverage the scientific and economic opportunities they present."

As humanity stands at the crossroads of cosmic discovery and planetary safety, Amy Mainzer's work continues to inspire both caution and hope. Her research underscores the critical balance between understanding the risks posed by these celestial bodies and seizing the opportunities they offer, reminding us that the future of space science is as promising as it is challenging.